Final Essay

We need war because some people don't agree on the same stuff like using nuclear bomb. If someone is treating you with a nuclear bomb will you let them blow you up or are you going to fight. Sometime war can be bad and hurt loved one's but they are fighting for are safety. Sometimes people get mad and upset about fighting but we need to fight for are safety and freedom and not let others control us. This is important because if we had no army we would be concord and controlled by a different country.

We need war back then because if we didn't fight back then we would not be are own country right now and we would not be free to do what we wanted. If Washington did not fight and win the battles he won we wouldn't be are own country. If the wars didn't turn out the way they did meaning if Washington died, or if Rall read the Letter or even if the Indians took back what was theirs we might not be here today. We need war because how else is there to solve conflict. If we did not have a army the other country's would be able to come in an take us over.

If we did not have war today we would not be in Iraq today. Some people would think that as a good thing. It would not be a good thing because we would not have gone in and try to help the Iraq government. If we had no war today people would be blowing other country's up over stupid stuff because we had no war or army's to protect us. If there was no war today the world would not be safe or peaceful.

Final Essay

The Battle of Trenton was a famous battle. It was Washington's 1st Battle he won. If Rall read the letter would Washington win the battle. Would Washington still win the war if he did not win the battle and survived. It was Washington's 1st battle and he won it and made people still fight for him.

Washington get killed in the battle. Rall read the letter and stopped partying and ambushed Washington as he crossed the river. Would we have a good government. Would we still be under a king. We would not be free so we would not be able to go on a vacations, or go to party's and have a good time without having to go and ask the king if we can party.

This is important because we could have a different government today. If we were not free today we would have to ask the king to do stuff you wouldn't have to do in America today. If we had a king today we would have to pay more taxes. We would also have to ask the king if we could take are money and go on a Vacation. If Washington never won his 1st battle because Rall was dumb and never read the letter we today would probably be under the rule of a king.

Book Portfolio # 4

Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare, Published in 1599. Caesar gets killed by his best friend because they think he is gaining to much power. Power can make people vary selfish. It is important because if you have power you could be a good and give the people what they want or you can be a bad guy and do what you want and don't care what happens to the people.

Power can make people vary selfish. Marcus Brutus Caesar best friend told all the Roman people that he would have been dangerous if he had been named Emperor. He made everyone believe that he was a God. Gaius Cassius was the one that told Brutus that they should kill Caesar because he was going to have to much power when he wanted it him self. People that have power will either be good and help the people or be bad and do what they want.

In Julius Caesar it shows how he died. Gaius Cassius was a real person and did want to rule Rome. Brutus was a real person and didn't want Caesar to die but didn't want his country to go into a down fall. Caesar was a real person and tried to become king but got killed by his friends instead. If Caesar's friends would give up there friend than see there countries down fall then he would have been vary selfish.

Power can make people selfish. People that have power will either be good and help the people or be bad and do what they want. If Caesar's friends would give up there friend than see there countries down fall then he would have been vary selfish. They killed Caesar but the Empire still went down hill. If you have power you need to be responsible and do what is need for your country.

Revolution Notes

Revolution and War
1763-1789
Revolution Notes

1763—Proclamation Act
Created a line that made the Indians have all the land from the Aps. Mt.'s to the Pacific ocean. people can't go over the line.

1764—Grenville Acts (direct tax)
Sugar (molasses, wine)
Stamp
Quartering
Currency
Virtual/ Direct Representation
1 st tax's brit.s put on colonies. taxing because of the money they oh from the 7 years war.

1765—Stamp Act Congress
Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams
Paul Revere
John Hancock
Propaganda
Boycotts
Lobsters (Lobster-backs, Thomas Lobster)
1 st time the colonies organize them self agents Britain.

1766—Declaratory Act
takes back the Grenville act but Britain can tax them on what ever they want.

1767—Townsend Acts (indirect tax)
Charles Townsend
Writs of Assistance (search warrants)
Revenue used to pay Royal officials in the colonies
Tea Act (glass, paper, paint) support British East India Company
2 nd set of tax's Britain on the colonies

1770—Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770
Local reaction (primarily)
5 dead colonists
John Adams defends British soldiers/5 exonerated-2 convicted
Convicted men discharged and thumbs branded
this event is used as propaganda.

1773—Boston Tea Party
November 30, 1773--Dartmouth sails into Boston Harbor
December 16, 1773--Tea dumped into harbor
340 chests of tea dumped (value of 10,000 British pounds)
it make Britain angry because it cost them money.

1774—Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts in Britain)
Close the port of Boston
Shut down Provincial and Town Governments
All offices appointed
Named General Thomas Gage as Governor
Gave all western lands north of the Ohio R. to Quebec, allowed Catholic Church to practice
these are different that the other acts it is about punishing and collecting money .

1774—1st Continental Congress
September to October (7 weeks)
Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia
New England—John Adams, Paul Revere, Silas Deane
Virginia—Washington, Patrick Henry, Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee
Pennsylvania—John Dickenson, Joseph Galloway (Plan for American council under Parliament, to avoid war)
New York—John Jay, James Duane
Maryland—Samuel Chase (future Supreme Court Justice), Charles Carroll (richest man in Maryland, Catholic)
Declaration of Rights—rejects Parliamentary authority over internal colonial affairs, colonies manage own defense, united aid to Boston if Intolerable Acts continue, absolute boycott of British goods to be enforced rigidly
the colonies all angry they will help each other in a crisis.

1775— January
William Pitt urges Parliament to withdraw troops from America because the idea of managing the colonies through force was “too ridiculous to take up a moment of your lordships’ time”
william pitt predicts that the out come of the war before it even starts.


1775—April 19 Lexington and Concord
Gen. Gage sends 700 men to Concord to seize the powder supplies
Paul Revere and William Dawes raise alarm the night before
Town of Lexington is on the way to Concord
Minutemen are assembled on the town common
“Shot heard round the world”
18 colonials killed and the rest run away
British march on to Concord and find the munitions were moved overnight
Minutemen ambush the British the whole way back to Boston
430 Redcoats make it back to Boston
30,000 Colonists surround Boston
1 st battle of the war.


1775—May
Gen. Howe, Gen. Clinton, Gen. Burgoyne
5,000 British troops
Ethan Allen, “Green Mountain Boys” seize Fort Ticonderoga
Henry Knox uses canon to lay siege on Boston
Benedict Arnold (Connecticut) takes Fort Crown Point to impede an invasion from Canada
the war is building.

1775—May 10, 2nd Continental Congress
Sam Adams pushes for Independence
John Dickenson (Penn.) urges restraint
Agree to form Colonial Army
Delegates unanimously agree to Washington as Commander of Continental Army (John Adams suggestion)
we form a national army.

1775—June 17, “Battle of Bunker Hill”
Actually fought on Breed’s Hill
Gen. Howe leads assault without canon support (his canon had been matched with wrong-sized cannonballs [Amherst at Ticonderoga])
Militia waited to within 30 yards (some say 15 yards)
Militia target British officers
Militia ran extremely low on ammunition
On the third assault, led by Gen. Howe, British troops overtake the colonial position
Britain losses almost 1000 men (about half the attacking force)
Colonials lose about 500 men
convinces the colonies they can win.

1776—January, Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine
120,000 copies sold in three months
this convinces the people that they need to fight.

1776—March
Gen. William Howe evacuates Boston
July 2, lands in Staten Island, New York (Loyalist base)

1776—Declaration of Independence
June 7, Richard Henry Lee (Virginia) introduces legislation to declare independence from Britain
Before voting on Lee’s proposal Congress appoints five-man committee (chosen by John Adams) to draft a formal Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson, 33, does most of the writing)
June 28, Declaration presented to Congress
July 2, Congress approves Lee’s legislation to declare the United States of America independent of Great Britain
July 4, Congress officially adopts the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration intended to:
Undermine loyalty to King George III
Outline basic principles of representative government
Establish the “right” of rebellion
all colonies are now really united to fight Britain.

War


1776—August, Brooklyn Heights, New York
Largest Naval group Britain will launch until the 20th century
British victory, city falls to England
As winter came “sunshine patriots” left the American Army
Initial colonial enlistments due to expire
Washington 1 st battle, almost gets killed or capture and decides that he is going to spend most of his time running.

1776—December, Battle of Trenton
Howe believes war almost won
1,400 Hessians stationed at Trenton
Colonel Rall (Hessian) builds no fortifications
Washington “Crosses the Delaware” Christmas night
2,500 men; 18 artillery guns
Surprise attack at dawn
106 Hessians killed, 918 captured
No colonial casualties
Washington retreats in secret to avoid Gen. Cornwallis counter-attack
Washington 1 st win, because he has run so much he need this win in order to keep people willing to fight for him.

1777—January, Princeton
Washington ambushes British troops
Colonial victory establishes this will not be a quick war for Britain
Washington 2 nd win but not that big of a deal.

1777—September-October, Saratoga
Gen. Burgoyne plans a three-prong attack on colonials at Albany
Plan does not consider the terrain, forcing British troops to march through swamps, lakes, hills and forests full of rebels
Two of the three “prongs” never arrive (Howe goes to Philadelphia instead, St. Leger retreats to New York afraid of Benedict Arnold)
Sept. Burgoyne crosses Hudson River
Oct. 17, Burgoyne surrenders
Establishes American Army as real threat
Helps secure open French Alliance
Turning Point of the War

1777-1778—Winter at Valley Forge
Under-funded troops
Low morale
10,000+ troops
4,000 troops listed as “unfit for duty” due to poor supplies (boots, blankets, coats, etc.)
2,500 troops die of disease (typhus, typhoid fever, dysentery, pneumonia)
George Washington mentioned a lack of shoes so severe that the men's "marches might be tracked by the blood from their feet”
Local farmers would sell produce to Brits who could pay cash
lowest point in the war, Washington dose not know the French is going to come help. the Americans don't quit.

1779—February, Vincennes

1780—August, Camden

1780—October, Kings Mountain

1781—October, Yorktown
British Gen. Cornwallis
American Gen. Washington (also “Mad” Anthony Wayne, Baron von Steuben)
French Gen. Rochambeau (also Marquis de Lafayette)
Essentially a French Naval victory
Last significant battle of the war
Britain gives in after this (pitt was right January 1775).

1783—Sept. 3, Treaty of Paris
Britain recognizes American independence
America gets all land from Atlantic coast to Miss. River, Great Lakes to Florida
Fishing rights to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and off the coast of Newfoundland
America must pay debts to Britain
American congress would “earnestly recommend” all Loyalist property returned (States ignore this request)
take 2 years to settle because America, Spain, France are trying to decide what they get.

John Jay

John Jay was born in December 12, 1745 in New York City, New York. He graduated from King's College (now Columbia University) in 1764. He was appointed to the New York Committee of Correspondence, the Continental Congress and the New York Provincial Congress. He helped draft a constitution for New York and served as the states chief justice until 1779. He was President of the Continental Congress from December 10, 1778 to September 28, 1779.

John Jay made a treaty called the John Jay Treaty or the Treaty of London of 1794. It was to help solve many problems left over from the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson was also involed in the treaty act. John Adams made a commented on the treaty and siad it was vary good. George Washington submitted the treaty to the United States Senate in June 1795. He also helped wright the Federalist Papers with James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. Jay also served as one of the Supreme Court members and was the first Chief Justice of the United States from 1789 to 1795. He served in the Supreme Court with Samuel Chase and James Wilson. After he wrote the treaty he was elected the governor of the New York state. He was governor from 1795-1801.

Mob VS. Soldiers

I think the Mob Should get nothing and the soldiers should get into big trouble. The soldiers shot with out a command from there caption and shot people.

Notes

Events Leading to Seven Years' War: (1754-1763)
King Williams War (1689 - 1697)
Fought in Europe
British fail to seize Quebec City
Queen Anne’s War (1702 – 1713)
French destroy Deerfield, Massachusetts
47 French and 200 Indians kill 5 Colonists
109 survivors taken captive – forced to Quebec City
1707 – Scotland joins England and Britain
King George’s War (1744 – 1748)
Most fighting takes place in Caribbean and Georgia
Between Spanish and English
French later join in and British capture part of Nova Scotia
"Seven Years War" is the name for the global conflict between France and England
"French and Indian War" is the name for the fighting just in North America (or the North American Theater of the Seven Years War)
5 Causes of French and Indian War
Disputed land between Appalachian Mts. And Mississippi River (the Ohio Country)
Both British and French want to control fur trade
Roman Catholic French V.S. Protestant English
Fishing Rights in New Foundland
British over-population
1663
35,000--French58,000--English